History of Bella Coola

A Grizzly Paradise

The Central Coast of British Columbia is a grizzly paradise. The winds of the Pacific Ocean bring moisture laden air across a number of islands, and up through a maze of channels and inlets.

One of these, Burke Channel, cuts into the Coastal Mountains, dividing into North and South Bentinck Arms. At the head of North Bentinck Arm, approximately 140 kilometres from the open waters of Queen Charlotte Sound, is the lush green estuary at the mouth of the Bella Coola River.

Ancient glacial carving and thousands of years of river flow have cut a deep U-shaped trough into the Interior Plateau. The Valley bottom is approximately 65 kilometres long and no more than 5 kilometres at its widest point.

The Atnarko River drains the Fraser Plateau via Charlotte Lake, and then into Lonesome Lake. Young Creek and the Hotnarko River add to the Atnarko as it flows to its confluence with the glacial fed Talchako River. It is here, where these two rivers meet, that the mighty Bella Coola River is formed.

“It’s just like a mother to the people, that river. She feeds us, she gives us everything.”
~ Nuxalkmc elder Herb Edgar Sr

The Nuxalk First Nations

The Nuxalk First Nations people know the Bella Coola Valley to be their traditional territory. For thousands of years, the Nuxalkmc have made a life for themselves here.

It is estimated that at one time, there were more than 30 villages scattered along the Bella Coola & Atnarko Rivers, or “to where the big trees stop”.

Each village had a designated river guardian – a title that was inherited. Their duty was to protect the river. Death was a standard punishment for anyone who dumped waste/refuse into the water, especially if it occurred during the Summer salmon run.

All 5 species of Pacific salmon – spring, coho, sockeye, chum, pink – continue to return to these waters.

Historical Timeline

1793

Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie becomes the first European to journey overland to the Pacific Ocean, guided by Nuxalk and Ulkatcho First Nations along the ancient ‘grease trail’. He preceded Lewis & Clark by twelve years.

1862

Arrives with 200 Royal Engineers from England to find a route connecting the Cariboo goldfields with a potential steamship port at Bella Coola. Though Palmer felt a road could be built, it was not.

1885

Adrian and Fillip Jacobsen bring nine young Nuxalk men to perform dances and stories across Germany, creating incredible interest. Fillip later returns to promote Bella Coola for settlement.

1894

Reverend Christian Saugstad leads approximately 80 Norwegians to establish a settlement. The Bella Coola Valley becomes known as “Nye Norge” or New Norway. Forests were felled, land was cleared, soil was tilled.

20th Century

For decades, forestry and fisheries, predominantly salmon, would be the new European economies of the Valley.

Today

Conservation & Eco-Tourism

Conservation initiatives protect temperate Coastal ecosystems, First Nations traditional ways, wild Pacific salmon, Spirit bears & grizzly populations. The Valley is gateway to a thriving eco-tourism economy.

Featured Books

River of the Angry Moon
written by Mark Hume
with Harvey Thommasen

One River Two Cultures
A History of the Bella Coola Valley
written by Paula Wild

Bella Coola Country
written by Leslie Kopas

The Great Bear Rainforest Today

Today conservation/preservation initiatives are attempting to protect what remains of temperate Coastal ecosystems, First Nations traditional ways, wild Pacific salmon, Spirit (Kermode) bears & grizzly bear populations. This is the Great Bear Rainforest.

The Bella Coola Valley is the gateway to a ‘new’ eco-tourism economy beginning to thrive in British Columbia. At the Great Bear Chalet, we know that to be truly economically responsible, the health of the ecology is essential.

It is time for a paradigm shift – take care of the asset (natural systems) & life, along with man-made economies, will flourish.

Related TopicTweedsmuir Provincial Park

Experience Living History

If you seek an authentic wilderness experience, then come be at home in this grizzly kingdom.
At the Great Bear Chalet, we forge extraordinary memories to empower your story.

contact us

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greatbearchalet@xplornet.com